Season Based Application of Bush Control Techniques for Unaddressed Bush Species (<i>Vachellia senegal</i>) in Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Asfaw Ejo; Bikila Nagasa; Jaldesa Doyo; Samuel Tuffa

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbio.20231103.11

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Season Based Application of Bush Control Techniques for Unaddressed Bush Species (Vachellia senegal) in Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Asfaw Ejo, Bikila Nagasa, Jaldesa Doyo, Samuel Tuffa

Published in American Journal of BioScience (Volume 11, Issue 3)

Received: 18 April 2023 Accepted: 2 June 2023 Published: 20 June 2023

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Abstract

The study was conducted to evaluate bush controlling techniques on encroaching bush species (Vachellia Senegal) in Miyo district of Borana zone for three consecutive years. A total area of 2.5 hectares of rangeland encroached by Vachellia species was replicated into two plots for each four seasons. Each plot was subdivided into five sub-plots to receive five treatments; cutting at 0.15m above ground 2, 4 D application on stump (T1), cutting at 0.15m above ground a mixture of 75% 2,4-D and 25% water application on stump (T2), cutting at 0.15m above ground kerosene application on stump (T3), cutting at 0.5m above ground debarking (T4) and no cutting (T5). Data on different parameters including basal and litter covers, soil erosion and compaction, dead and re-sprouted encroaching tree/shrub species were collected before and after treatment applications. The result indicated that for all seasons, different parameters were significantly influenced (p < 0.05) by the applied treatments. Among the tested bush controlling treatments, T1 was more effective in bush controlling in dry (78%) and cool dry (71%) seasons as compared to other treatments. Similarly in the dry season, the responses of T2, T3, and T4 in controlling Vachellia Senegal were 69%, 63% and 61% respectively. The result also showed that different bush controlling techniques were found to improve the basal and litter cover, species richness, species evenness, and biomass yield of rangeland. The evaluated techniques were also indicated in decreased soil erosion and soil compaction. Increased in basal cover and changed in vegetation structure of rangeland of bush thinned plots were related with reduction of encroaching canopy thickness and regenerated perennial herbaceous species. Due to better accessibility, cost effectiveness and friendly to environment T4; cutting at 0.5m above ground and debarking was recommended for pastoralist to be applied at dry season. Besides, reseeding important herbaceous species with enough periods of resting shall be considered for improving degraded rangelands such as less recovery potential of bush cover areas.

Published in	American Journal of BioScience (Volume 11, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbio.20231103.11
Page(s)	57-62
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Basal Cover, Bush Controlling, Rangeland, Grass and Non-Grass, Species Composition, Species Diversity

References

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[2]	AyanaAngasa. (2007). The Dynamics of Savanna Ecosystems and Management in Borana, Southern Ethiopia; PhD Thesis. Norwegian University of life sciences (UMB), Norway.
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[4]	Bikila, N., Bedasa, E., Samuel, T., Berecha, B., Jaldesa, D. and Nizam, H. (2014). Control of bush encroachment in Borana zone of southern Ethiopia: effects of different control techniques on rangeland vegetation and tick populations. Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice 2014 4: 18.
[5]	Coppock, D. L. (1994). The Borana plateau of southern Ethiopia: synthesis of pastoral research development and changes, 1980-90. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa): Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[6]	Gemedo, D. T., B. L. Maass, J. Isselstein. (2006b). Rangeland condition and trend in the semiarid Borana lowlands, southern Oromia, Ethiopia. African Journal of Range and Forage Science, 23: 49-58.
[7]	Gemedo, D. T., Brigitte, L. M. and Johannes, I. (2006a). Encroachment of woody plants and its impact on pastoral livestock production in the Borana lowlands, southern Oromia, Ethiopia. East African Wild Life Society, African Journal of Ecology, 44: 237-246.
[8]	Jiang, R., Li, T., Liu, D., Fu, Q., Hou, R., Li, Q., Cui, S. and Li, M., 2021. Soil infiltration characteristics and pore distribution under freezing–thawing conditions. The Cryosphere, 15 (4), pp. 2133-2146.
[9]	Karuaera, N. A., 2011. Assessing the effects of bush encroachment on species abundance, composition and diversity of small mammals at the Neudamm Agricultural Farm, Khomas Region Namibia (Doctoral dissertation).
[10]	Oba, G. (1998). Assessment of indigenous range management knowledge of the Borana pastoralists of Southern Ethiopia. Commissioned by GTZ-Borana Lowland Pastoral Development Program in collaboration with the Oromia Regional Bureau for Agricultural Development. Negelle/Borana, Ethiopia.
[11]	Oba, G. Stenseth, N. C. and Lusigi, W. (2000). New perspectives on sustainable grazing management in arid zones of sub-Saharan Africa. BioScience, 50: 35-51.
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[13]	Savadogo, P., Tiveau, D., Sawadogo, L. and Tigabu, M., 2008. Herbaceous species responses to long-term effects of prescribed fire, grazing and selective tree cutting in the savanna-woodlands of West Africa. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 10 (3), pp. 179-195.
[14]	TameneYigezu. (1990). Population Dynamics of the Problem of Shrubs, Vachellia Drepanolobiumand Vachelliabrevispicain the Southern Rangelands of Ethiopia. M.Sc. Thesis, University of New South Wales, Australia.

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Asfaw Ejo, Bikila Nagasa, Jaldesa Doyo, Samuel Tuffa. (2023). Season Based Application of Bush Control Techniques for Unaddressed Bush Species (Vachellia senegal) in Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia. American Journal of BioScience, 11(3), 57-62. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20231103.11

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ACS Style

Asfaw Ejo; Bikila Nagasa; Jaldesa Doyo; Samuel Tuffa. Season Based Application of Bush Control Techniques for Unaddressed Bush Species (Vachellia senegal) in Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Am. J. BioScience 2023, 11(3), 57-62. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20231103.11

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AMA Style

Asfaw Ejo, Bikila Nagasa, Jaldesa Doyo, Samuel Tuffa. Season Based Application of Bush Control Techniques for Unaddressed Bush Species (Vachellia senegal) in Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Am J BioScience. 2023;11(3):57-62. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20231103.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20231103.11,
  author = {Asfaw Ejo and Bikila Nagasa and Jaldesa Doyo and Samuel Tuffa},
  title = {Season Based Application of Bush Control Techniques for Unaddressed Bush Species (Vachellia senegal) in Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {57-62},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20231103.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20231103.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20231103.11},
  abstract = {The study was conducted to evaluate bush controlling techniques on encroaching bush species (Vachellia Senegal) in Miyo district of Borana zone for three consecutive years. A total area of 2.5 hectares of rangeland encroached by Vachellia species was replicated into two plots for each four seasons. Each plot was subdivided into five sub-plots to receive five treatments; cutting at 0.15m above ground 2, 4 D application on stump (T1), cutting at 0.15m above ground a mixture of 75% 2,4-D and 25% water application on stump (T2), cutting at 0.15m above ground kerosene application on stump (T3), cutting at 0.5m above ground debarking (T4) and no cutting (T5). Data on different parameters including basal and litter covers, soil erosion and compaction, dead and re-sprouted encroaching tree/shrub species were collected before and after treatment applications. The result indicated that for all seasons, different parameters were significantly influenced (p Vachellia Senegal were 69%, 63% and 61% respectively. The result also showed that different bush controlling techniques were found to improve the basal and litter cover, species richness, species evenness, and biomass yield of rangeland. The evaluated techniques were also indicated in decreased soil erosion and soil compaction. Increased in basal cover and changed in vegetation structure of rangeland of bush thinned plots were related with reduction of encroaching canopy thickness and regenerated perennial herbaceous species. Due to better accessibility, cost effectiveness and friendly to environment T4; cutting at 0.5m above ground and debarking was recommended for pastoralist to be applied at dry season. Besides, reseeding important herbaceous species with enough periods of resting shall be considered for improving degraded rangelands such as less recovery potential of bush cover areas.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Season Based Application of Bush Control Techniques for Unaddressed Bush Species (Vachellia senegal) in Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia
AU  - Asfaw Ejo
AU  - Bikila Nagasa
AU  - Jaldesa Doyo
AU  - Samuel Tuffa
Y1  - 2023/06/20
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20231103.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20231103.11
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 57
EP  - 62
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20231103.11
AB  - The study was conducted to evaluate bush controlling techniques on encroaching bush species (Vachellia Senegal) in Miyo district of Borana zone for three consecutive years. A total area of 2.5 hectares of rangeland encroached by Vachellia species was replicated into two plots for each four seasons. Each plot was subdivided into five sub-plots to receive five treatments; cutting at 0.15m above ground 2, 4 D application on stump (T1), cutting at 0.15m above ground a mixture of 75% 2,4-D and 25% water application on stump (T2), cutting at 0.15m above ground kerosene application on stump (T3), cutting at 0.5m above ground debarking (T4) and no cutting (T5). Data on different parameters including basal and litter covers, soil erosion and compaction, dead and re-sprouted encroaching tree/shrub species were collected before and after treatment applications. The result indicated that for all seasons, different parameters were significantly influenced (p Vachellia Senegal were 69%, 63% and 61% respectively. The result also showed that different bush controlling techniques were found to improve the basal and litter cover, species richness, species evenness, and biomass yield of rangeland. The evaluated techniques were also indicated in decreased soil erosion and soil compaction. Increased in basal cover and changed in vegetation structure of rangeland of bush thinned plots were related with reduction of encroaching canopy thickness and regenerated perennial herbaceous species. Due to better accessibility, cost effectiveness and friendly to environment T4; cutting at 0.5m above ground and debarking was recommended for pastoralist to be applied at dry season. Besides, reseeding important herbaceous species with enough periods of resting shall be considered for improving degraded rangelands such as less recovery potential of bush cover areas.
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Asfaw Ejo

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Yabello Pastoral and Dryland Agriculture Research Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Bikila Nagasa

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Yabello Pastoral and Dryland Agriculture Research Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Jaldesa Doyo

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Yabello Pastoral and Dryland Agriculture Research Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Samuel Tuffa

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Yabello Pastoral and Dryland Agriculture Research Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Asfaw Ejo, Bikila Nagasa, Jaldesa Doyo, Samuel Tuffa. (2023). Season Based Application of Bush Control Techniques for Unaddressed Bush Species (Vachellia senegal) in Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia. American Journal of BioScience, 11(3), 57-62. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20231103.11

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ACS Style

Asfaw Ejo; Bikila Nagasa; Jaldesa Doyo; Samuel Tuffa. Season Based Application of Bush Control Techniques for Unaddressed Bush Species (Vachellia senegal) in Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Am. J. BioScience 2023, 11(3), 57-62. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20231103.11

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AMA Style

Asfaw Ejo, Bikila Nagasa, Jaldesa Doyo, Samuel Tuffa. Season Based Application of Bush Control Techniques for Unaddressed Bush Species (Vachellia senegal) in Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Am J BioScience. 2023;11(3):57-62. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20231103.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20231103.11,
  author = {Asfaw Ejo and Bikila Nagasa and Jaldesa Doyo and Samuel Tuffa},
  title = {Season Based Application of Bush Control Techniques for Unaddressed Bush Species (Vachellia senegal) in Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {57-62},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20231103.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20231103.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20231103.11},
  abstract = {The study was conducted to evaluate bush controlling techniques on encroaching bush species (Vachellia Senegal) in Miyo district of Borana zone for three consecutive years. A total area of 2.5 hectares of rangeland encroached by Vachellia species was replicated into two plots for each four seasons. Each plot was subdivided into five sub-plots to receive five treatments; cutting at 0.15m above ground 2, 4 D application on stump (T1), cutting at 0.15m above ground a mixture of 75% 2,4-D and 25% water application on stump (T2), cutting at 0.15m above ground kerosene application on stump (T3), cutting at 0.5m above ground debarking (T4) and no cutting (T5). Data on different parameters including basal and litter covers, soil erosion and compaction, dead and re-sprouted encroaching tree/shrub species were collected before and after treatment applications. The result indicated that for all seasons, different parameters were significantly influenced (p Vachellia Senegal were 69%, 63% and 61% respectively. The result also showed that different bush controlling techniques were found to improve the basal and litter cover, species richness, species evenness, and biomass yield of rangeland. The evaluated techniques were also indicated in decreased soil erosion and soil compaction. Increased in basal cover and changed in vegetation structure of rangeland of bush thinned plots were related with reduction of encroaching canopy thickness and regenerated perennial herbaceous species. Due to better accessibility, cost effectiveness and friendly to environment T4; cutting at 0.5m above ground and debarking was recommended for pastoralist to be applied at dry season. Besides, reseeding important herbaceous species with enough periods of resting shall be considered for improving degraded rangelands such as less recovery potential of bush cover areas.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Season Based Application of Bush Control Techniques for Unaddressed Bush Species (Vachellia senegal) in Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia
AU  - Asfaw Ejo
AU  - Bikila Nagasa
AU  - Jaldesa Doyo
AU  - Samuel Tuffa
Y1  - 2023/06/20
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20231103.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20231103.11
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 57
EP  - 62
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20231103.11
AB  - The study was conducted to evaluate bush controlling techniques on encroaching bush species (Vachellia Senegal) in Miyo district of Borana zone for three consecutive years. A total area of 2.5 hectares of rangeland encroached by Vachellia species was replicated into two plots for each four seasons. Each plot was subdivided into five sub-plots to receive five treatments; cutting at 0.15m above ground 2, 4 D application on stump (T1), cutting at 0.15m above ground a mixture of 75% 2,4-D and 25% water application on stump (T2), cutting at 0.15m above ground kerosene application on stump (T3), cutting at 0.5m above ground debarking (T4) and no cutting (T5). Data on different parameters including basal and litter covers, soil erosion and compaction, dead and re-sprouted encroaching tree/shrub species were collected before and after treatment applications. The result indicated that for all seasons, different parameters were significantly influenced (p Vachellia Senegal were 69%, 63% and 61% respectively. The result also showed that different bush controlling techniques were found to improve the basal and litter cover, species richness, species evenness, and biomass yield of rangeland. The evaluated techniques were also indicated in decreased soil erosion and soil compaction. Increased in basal cover and changed in vegetation structure of rangeland of bush thinned plots were related with reduction of encroaching canopy thickness and regenerated perennial herbaceous species. Due to better accessibility, cost effectiveness and friendly to environment T4; cutting at 0.5m above ground and debarking was recommended for pastoralist to be applied at dry season. Besides, reseeding important herbaceous species with enough periods of resting shall be considered for improving degraded rangelands such as less recovery potential of bush cover areas.
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
ER  -

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